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This Week - H : Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) passed on through anal and genital penetrative or oral sex. Treatment from a sexual health clinic can help. Symptoms clear up on their own but can come back.

Symptoms of genital herpes

Symptoms of genital herpes include:

• small blisters that burst to leave red, open sores around your genitals, anus, thighs or bottom - the sores may be less red on brown or black skin
• tingling, burning or itching around your genitals
• pain when you pee
• discharge that is not usual for you

Go to a sexual health clinic as soon as possible if:

Why you should go to a sexual health clinic

You can see a GP, but they'll probably refer you to a sexual health clinic if they think you might have genital herpes.

Sexual health clinics treat problems with the genitals and urine system.

Many sexual health clinics offer a walk-in service, where you do not need an appointment.

They'll often get test results quicker than GP practices and you do not have to pay a prescription fee for treatment.

Find a sexual health clinic

What happens at a sexual health clinic

The doctor or nurse at the sexual health clinic will:

• ask about your symptoms and your sexual partners
• use a small cotton bud (swab) to take some fluid from 1 of your blisters or sores for testing

The test cannot:

• be done if you do not have visible blisters or sores
• tell you how long you've had herpes or who you got it from

Symptoms might not appear for weeks or even years after you're infected with the herpes virus.

Treatment for genital herpes

There's no cure for genital herpes. Symptoms clear up by themselves, but the blisters can come back (an outbreak or recurrence).

Treatment from a sexual health clinic can help.

Treatment the first time you have genital herpes

You may be prescribed:

• antiviral medicine to stop the symptoms getting worse - you need to start taking this within 5 days of the symptoms appearing
• cream for the pain

If you've had symptoms for more than 5 days before you go to a sexual health clinic, you can still get tested to find out the cause.

Treatment if the blisters come back

Go to a GP or sexual health clinic if you've been diagnosed with genital herpes and need treatment for an outbreak.

Antiviral medicine may help shorten an outbreak by 1 or 2 days if you start taking it as soon as symptoms appear.

But outbreaks usually settle by themselves, so you may not need treatment.

Recurrent outbreaks are usually milder than the first episode of genital herpes.

Over time, outbreaks tend to happen less often and be less severe. Some people never have outbreaks.

Some people who have more than 6 outbreaks in a year may benefit from taking antiviral medicine for 6 to 12 months.

If you still have outbreaks of genital herpes during this time, you may be referred to a specialist.

How to deal with outbreaks yourself

There are things you can do if you've been diagnosed with genital herpes and you're having an outbreak.

How genital herpes is passed on

Genital herpes is very easy to pass on (contagious) from the first tingling or itching of a new outbreak (before any blisters appear) to when sores have fully healed.

You may also be able to pass on the virus even if you do not have any symptoms.

You can get genital herpes:

• from skin-to-skin contact with the infected area (including anal and genital penetrative or oral sex)
• when there are no visible sores or blisters
• if a cold sore touches your genitals
• by transferring the infection on fingers from someone else to your genitals
• by sharing sex toys with someone who has herpes

You cannot get genital herpes from towels, swimming pools, saunas or toilet seats as there is no skin-to-skin contact.

Protecting against genital herpes

You can reduce the chances of passing on genital herpes by:

• using a condom every time you have anal and genital penetrative or oral sex - but herpes can still be passed on if the condom does not cover the infected area
• avoiding anal and genital penetrative or oral sex if you or your partner has blisters or sores, or a tingle or itch that means an outbreak is coming
• not sharing sex toys - if you do, wash them and put a condom on them

Why genital herpes comes back

Genital herpes is caused by a virus called herpes simplex. Once you have the virus, it stays in your body.

It will not spread in your body to cause blisters elsewhere. It stays in a nearby nerve and causes blisters in the same area.

If you can, avoid things that trigger your symptoms.

Triggers can include:

• ultraviolet light on the affected area - for example, from sunbathing or sunbeds
• friction in your genital area - for example, from sex (lubricant may help) or tight clothing
• smoking
• drinking alcohol

Some triggers are unavoidable, including:

• being unwell
• stress
• surgery on your genital area
• a weakened immune system - for example, from having chemotherapy for cancer

Genital herpes and HIV

Genital herpes can be a more serious condition for people with HIV.

If you have HIV and herpes, you'll be referred to a genitourinary medicine (GUM) specialist.

If you want to find out more about this week's subject you can visit the Original article on the NHS website. If you are worried by any aspect of your health make sure you go and see your doctor or book an appointment at your local clinic.