Hyperparathyroidism

There is separate information about hypoparathyroidism, which is where there is not enough calcium in the body.

Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism

Many people with hyperparathyroidism have no, or very mild, symptoms. You may only find out you have it after having tests for something else.

Sometimes symptoms can have a big impact on daily life.

Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism include:

• tiredness
• aches and pains, particularly in your joints, hands, arms, feet and legs
• muscle weakness
• feeling and being sick
• loss of appetite
• constipation
• tummy pain
• feeling thirsty all the time
• peeing more than usual
• low mood and depression

When and where to get medical help

Treatment is usually needed for hyperparathyroidism so get checked if you have symptoms. Getting treatment can stop it getting worse and prevent complications.

See a GP if:

Causes of hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism happens when your body produces too much of a hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Producing too much PTH can be caused by:

• a non-cancerous growth (adenoma) on the parathyroid glands in your neck - this is called primary hyperparathyroidism
• having low levels of calcium or vitamin D in your blood, or high levels of phosphates, which may be due to an underlying condition - this is called secondary hyperparathyroidism

Too much PTH can affect the amount of calcium in your blood. Calcium helps with things like keeping your bones and teeth healthy.

Tests for hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism can be diagnosed by testing samples of your blood and pee.

Many people are first diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism when they are having blood or pee tests for something else.

If you have hyperparathyroidism, further tests and scans may then be recommended to check your general health and help plan treatment.

These can include:

• ultrasound scans
• X-rays
• bone density scans

Treatments for hyperparathyroidism

If you're diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism, you'll be referred to a specialist for treatment.

Treatment depends on what's causing the hyperparathyroidism.

If it's caused by a growth on your parathyroid glands, you'll be offered surgery to remove part or all of the glands.

If you do not want surgery, or it's not currently a suitable option for you, the specialist may offer you medicine to help lower your calcium levels.

If hyperparathyroidism is happening because you have low calcium or vitamin D levels, treatment may include medicines and supplements.

Important

Do not make any changes to your diet to try to lower your calcium levels, unless you have been told to by your specialist.

A change in your usual diet could make your symptoms worse or cause more serious problems.

Complications of hyperparathyroidism

If hyperparathyroidism is not treated, it can lead to complications:

These include:

• osteoporosis - where your bones become weaker and more likely to break
• kidney stones
• high blood pressure, which can increase your risk of heart disease and stroke

Find out more

Parathyroid UK is a charity that provides support and information for people living with parathyroid gland conditions.

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