Confusion

How to tell if someone is confused

If a person is confused, they may:

not be able to think or speak clearly or quickly
not know where they are (feel disorientated)
struggle to pay attention or remember things
see or hear things that are not there (hallucinations)

Try asking the person their name, their age and today's date. If they seem unsure or cannot answer you, they probably need medical help.

See a GP if:

you're worried that you or a relative have gradually become more forgetful or confused

It may not be anything serious, but it's best to get checked.

In older people, forgetfulness and confusion are sometimes signs of dementia.

Go to A&E or call 999 if:

someone suddenly becomes confused

Many causes of sudden confusion need to be assessed and treated as soon as possible. Sometimes it may be life threatening.

Do not drive to A&E. Ask someone to drive you or call 999 and ask for an ambulance.

Bring any medicines you take with you.

Things you can do while waiting for an ambulance

If you're with someone who has suddenly become confused, there are things you can do while waiting for medical help.

Do

stay with the person - tell them who you are and where they are, and keep reassuring them
use simple words and short sentences
make a note of any medicines they're taking, if possible

Don't

do not ask lots of questions while they're feeling confused
do not stop the person moving around, unless they're in danger

Causes of sudden confusion

Sudden confusion can be caused by many different things. Do not try to self-diagnose. Get medical help if someone suddenly becomes confused or delirious.

Some of the most common causes of sudden confusion include:

an infection - urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause in older people or people with dementia
a stroke or TIA ("mini-stroke")
a low blood sugar level in people with diabetes
a head injury
some types of prescription medicine
alcohol poisoning or alcohol withdrawal
taking drugs
carbon monoxide poisoning - especially if other people you live with also become unwell
a severe asthma attack or other problems with the lungs or heart
certain types of seizures caused by epilepsy

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